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The Books of Breathing are several late ancient Egyptian funerary texts, intended to enable deceased people to continue to exist in the afterlife. The earliest known copy dates to about 350 BC.〔Hornung 1999, pp. 23–25〕 Other copies come from the Greco-Roman period of Egyptian history, as late as the second century AD.〔Smith 2009, pp. 462, 500, 521〕 The books were originally named "The Letter for Breathing Which Isis Made for Her Brother Osiris", "The First Letter for Breathing", and "The Second Letter for Breathing". They appear in many varying copies, and scholars have often confused them with each other.〔Smith 2009, pp. 462, 499, 514〕 Their titles use the word "breathing" as a metaphorical term for all the aspects of life that the deceased hoped to experience again in the afterlife. The texts exhort various Egyptian gods to accept the deceased into their company.〔Smith 2009, pp. 466, 503, 517–518〕 Egyptologists assert that some of the papyri that Joseph Smith claimed to use to translate the Book of Abraham are actually parts of the Books of Breathing. Mormon scholar Hugh Nibley, who was appointed by the LDS church to learn Egyptian in order to defend the claim that Joseph Smith had found and translated a document from the hand of Abraham, gives a short description of the Book of Breathings: ==See also== * ''Book of the Dead'' * Book of Abraham 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Books of Breathing」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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